| DNA and the AKC - Making the Science Work for You |
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The AKC offers a comprehensive set of voluntary and mandatory programs to
ensure the integrity of the AKC registry: voluntary DNA Profiling; the
Frequently Used Sires requirement; the Fresh-Extended/Frozen Semen
requirement; the Multiple-Sired Litter Registration Policy; the Import
Breeding Stock requirement; and the Kennel Inspections/Compliance Audit
Program. The AKC has built the world's largest database of canine DNA
profiles for parentage verification and genetic identity purposes. |
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| The Science Behind AKC DNA Profiles |
AKC DNA Profiles are generated using the same technology used by law
enforcement agencies throughout the world. How does this work? In humans and
dogs alike, each gene is present as two copies (displayed as letters).
Offspring receive one copy of each gene from each parent in a random
process.
This technology does not use actual genes, but other DNA sequences that are
also inherited one copy from each parent. For this reason, your dog's AKC
DNA Profile does not provide any information about the conformation of the
dog or the presence/absence of genetic diseases. Furthermore, AKC DNA
Profiles cannot determine the breed of a dog. |
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Voluntary DNA Profile |
This voluntary program has resulted from significant input from the fancy.
The DNA Profile Program is for owners and breeders electing to add value to
their breeding programs by eliminating concerns or questions about
identification and parentage.
A dog owner may contact AKC for a DNA Test Kit which includes a swab that
the owner uses to collect loose cells from inside the dog's cheek. An AKC
DNA Profile containing the dog's registration information, genotype, and a
unique DNA Profile number is issued for each dog sampled. This DNA Profile
number will appear on subsequently issued Registration Certificates and
Pedigrees. |
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| DNA Requirements |
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AKC DNA Profiling is required for: Frequently Used Sires (dogs having the
greatest impact on the AKC Stud Book); imported breeding stock; dogs whose
semen is collected for fresh-extended or frozen use; and for the sires, dam
and puppies for Multiple-Sired Litter Registration. |
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Kennel Inspections/Compliance Audit Program |
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AKC Representatives take DNA samples at randomly selected kennels to verify
identification and parentage of litters. AKC litter registration and
privileges will be withdrawn when the parentage of the litters is determined
to be incorrect. The dogs sampled through the Compliance Audit Program are
not considered AKC DNA Profiled, and DNA Profiles are not issued. |
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The AKC DNA Database and Parentage Verification |
| Comparison of the DNA profiles of a dam, sire, and pup(s) will determine,
with greater than 99% confidence, whether the pups are from the tested dam
and sire. The AKC DNA database examines the parentage of all AKC DNA
Profiled registered dogs and litters whelped on or after January 1, 2000.
When problems are discovered, the DNA staff works with breeders to determine
correct parentage at the breeder's expense. |
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| AKC Parentage Evaluation Service |
| For a fee, an AKC DNA Analyst will issue a Parentage Evaluation of a litter
in the form of an easy to read table listing each dog's genotype and a
written report. Parentage Evaluation can be used to ensure accuracy when breeding has been
done offsite, for cases of artificial insemination, or to add an extra
measure of confidence to your pedigrees. |
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| AKC Parentage Profile |
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For AKC registered dogs born on/after January 1, 2000, dog owners may
purchase a handsome profile displaying the registration information and
genotypes for the dog and its AKC registered sire and dam. All three dogs
must be AKC DNA Profiled to purchase this profile.
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| Please do not use our Health Matters website to
attempt to diagnose or treat your pet. The consultation with your
veterinarian is the best source of health advice for your individual pet.
You should not rely, on the veterinary advice or any other information
provided on this site for the diagnosis or treatment of any specific
condition. You should always consult your own veterinarian for specific
advice concerning the medical condition or general treatment of your pet.
Günbil German shepherd dogs, worldclassgsd.com and or Günbil German
shepherds, accepts no liability related to the veterinary advice and
information provided on this site regarding health matters. |
