Background:
The trachea, or windpipe, is composed of 35 to 45 C-shaped rings
joined by muscles and tendons. Its purpose is to carry air from the
mouth to the lungs. In some dogs, the trachea will fold on itself
along its length, otherwise known as tracheal collapse. Tracheal
collapse most commonly occurs in older toy breeds such as
Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, and Poodles. Occasionally it is seen in
younger dogs, genetically predisposed to the disease. Smaller breeds
are more commonly affected because the trachea is slightly
flattened, and is mechanically more likely to collapse with the
pressure of breathing. In older dogs, the degeneration of cartilage
contributes to the weakening of the trachea. Other factors which may
initiate tracheal collapse are trauma to the trachea, over
excitement and obesity.
Clinical Signs:
The most common clinical sign is a "goose honking" cough, which may
occur more with stress or exercise. The cough may also be heard
during feeding or drinking. In very severe attacks, lack of oxygen
and respiratory distress may lead to collapse.
Diagnosis:
Collapsing trachea may be a tricky diagnosis for veterinarians to
make with certainty. The first clue is a history of coughing and the
age and breed of dog. X-rays may reveal a narrowed trachea. However,
the actual collapse of the trachea can not be seen in still
pictures. Therefore, many veterinarians proceed to endoscopy, in
which a camera is introduced into the trachea to view the motion, or
fluoroscopy, which are moving x-rays. Because tracheal collapse is
often accompanied by irritation and infection, a tracheal sample may
be cultured to determine the best antibacterial treatment.
Treatment:
Many pets respond well to home rest, weight reduction and avoidance
of strenuous activities. Antitussives, sedatives and bronchodilators
may be prescribed to reduce the severity and frequency of coughing
attacks. Antibiotics may also be prescribed to treat secondary
bronchitis. In very severe cases, your veterinarian may recommend
surgery to attempt to reinforce the trachea and prevent full
collapse.
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