Background:
Pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, one of the primary
organs of digestion. The pancreas produces and stores digestive
enzymes which break down foods and nutrients during the digestive
process. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the enzymes can leak
out of the pancreatic tissue and cause damage to the structure of
the organ.Several factors
can cause the initial inflammation of the pancreas, including high
fat diets, obesity and trauma. Dogs which are on corticosteroids are
also at risk of developing the disease. Miniature Schnauzers are
more prone to developing pancreatitis, due to naturally occuring
high levels of lipoproteins in their blood.
Clinical
Signs:
The most common clinical signs of pancreatitis include abdominal
pain (which may make your pet assume a tucked up belly or prayer
position), diarrhea, lack of appetite, vomiting, dehydration,
lethargy and irritability.
Diagnosis:
Pancreatitis is possible whenever abdominal pain is a clinical
symptom. Your veterinarian will often ask if your dog may have been
in the garbage or may have eaten any fatty foods. On physical
examination, pain will be evident during examination of the part of
the belly where the pancreas lies. Blood tests can identify any
abnormalities that may suggest other diseases, and to determine the
levels of amylase and lipase in the blood stream. Ultrasonographic
tests and x-rays may also help your veterinarian determine the cause
of pain and vomiting. Unfortunately, the clinical signs are common
to several different diseases. Pancreatitis is often diagnosed based
simply on ruling out other possible causes of these signs.
Treatment:
Pancreatitis can become very serious if not treated properly.
Dehydrated and vomiting pets should be hospitalized to receive fluid
therapy in combination with intravenous medications. Pain
medications should also be given to manage the discomfort of the
animal. Food intake is restricted for up to 72 hours to prevent
stimulation of the pancreas to produce digestive enzymes which can
worsen the condition.
Once the pet begins to improve,
small amounts of water are given in the hospital. If no vomiting
occurs in 12 to 24 hours, easily digestible foods are given in small
quantities. Most pets can go home once they are willing to eat and
drink again. Bland diets may be beneficial in some patients,
although most pets return to their normal diet. Diets moderately
high in fiber may be beneficial in lessening the number or severity
of attacks in chronic pancreatitis. Weight loss and exercise are
also helpful in preventing future attacks. Avoid feeding your dog
table scraps or fatty foods.
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