Canine Distemper

PET DISEASE AND ALLERGIES: CANINE DISTEMPER

Background: The leading cause of death in dogs, canine distemper is caused by a virus similar to that which causes measles in humans. In the United States, the disease has been controlled by vaccines, although unvaccinated dogs remain highly susceptible. The virus is shed in saliva, blood, urine and other bodily secretions. It can also be transmitted through inhalation. Infection will not cause signs of illness in all dogs. In highly susceptible dogs, however, the virus attacks cells of the brain, intestinal tract, lungs and mucus membranes, causing very serious illness.

Clinical Signs: Symptoms surface between 6 and 9 days after exposure. Early signs of infection include: fever, loss of appetite, depression, weakness and nasal and ocular discharge. In this stage, the disease resembles a cold. However, as the disease progresses, pus blisters may appear on the belly and signs of vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, head tremors, chewing motions, seizure and convulsions may occur. "Hard pad" or thickening of the paw pads and nose is another sign of chronic infection.

Diagnosis: Distemper is diagnosed based on a detailed history, physical examination, blood work and other diagnostic tests. In uncertain cases, cerebrospinal fluid may be analyzed. Most frequently, distemper is diagnosed by ruling out other causes of the clinical signs.

Treatment: Dogs with signs of distemper are usually hospitalized for ongoing supportive care. Intravenous fluids and antibiotics are given to control infections, and other medications to control vomiting and diarrhea, convulsions and seizures may also be administered. The prognosis depends on the duration of the infection and the individual’s ability to stave off the infection. However, once stabilized, most pets recover without long term effects.

The best way to control this virus is by vaccinating and maintaining the booster schedule suggested by your veterinarian. Most comprehensive annual vaccines include a vaccine against the distemper virus. All puppies should be vaccinated by the time they are 5-6 weeks old and need to be boostered monthly until their immune systems are fully developed.

You should not rely, on the veterinary advice or any other information provided on this site for the diagnosis or treatment of any specific condition. You should always consult your own veterinarian for specific advice concerning the medical condition or general treatment of your pet. Worldclassgsd.com accepts no liability related to the veterinary advice and information provided on this site.